By Umar Nsubuga
Tomatoes are a popular crop among Ugandan farmers, valued for their versatility and demand. However, one of the main challenges tomato growers face is keeping the fruits from rotting and getting dirty in the garden.
This issue can significantly impact yield and quality, reducing income for farmers.
Patrick Kirunda, a tomato farmer from Bumozi village in Bugweri district, and agronomist Henry Sekyewa share valuable tips on how farmers can prevent tomatoes from rotting and ensure they remain clean until harvest.
They recommend techniques such as staking, mulching, and appropriate watering methods to keep the plants healthy and productive.
Keep fruits off the ground
One of the most effective ways to prevent tomatoes from rotting and getting dirty is by staking the plants.
“Tomatoes are highly susceptible to soil-borne diseases, and contact with the ground increases the risk,” says Kirunda.
He explains that staking involves supporting the tomato plants with sticks or poles, lifting them off the ground and providing better exposure to sunlight and airflow. This reduces moisture on the leaves and fruits, preventing fungal growth and rotting.
He says staking can be done using bamboo poles, wooden stakes, or even metal rods.
“Ensure each plant has its stake and tie the stems gently to the stake with soft ties, like cloth strips or twine, to avoid damaging them,” explains Sekyewa.
He adds that staked plants also grow more upright, which makes it easier to spot any diseased or damaged fruits, allowing for timely removal.
Using the trellis method
In addition to single stakes, Sekyewa recommends the trellis method, where strings or wires are stretched horizontally between poles to support the plants as they grow.
This technique is particularly useful in larger gardens, as it provides better support for multiple plants in a row.
“With a trellis, tomatoes stay elevated and clean, and it’s easier to access them during harvesting,” he says.
This method also minimises overcrowding, as each plant can spread out on the trellis, reducing competition for light and nutrients.
Mulching
Mulching is another effective practice that can prevent tomato plants from coming into contact with soil, which can lead to rot and dirt accumulation.
“Applying mulch around the base of the plants not only keeps the fruits off the ground but also conserves soil moisture and suppresses weed growth,” Kirunda explains.
Kirund says mulching also reduces the likelihood of soil splashing onto the fruits during rainfall or irrigation, keeping them cleaner.
Use organic mulch like straw, dry grass, or composted leaves, as these materials improve soil fertility over time. Sekyewa advises against piling mulch directly against the plant stems, as this can trap moisture and encourage stem rot. Instead, keep a small gap around the base of each plant.
Pruning
Pruning is another helpful technique for reducing rot in tomato plants.
“Removing the lower leaves and excess branches improves air circulation and exposes the plant to more sunlight, which dries up excess moisture,” Sekyewa notes.
Excessive foliage can create a humid environment, which is ideal for fungal diseases. He says by pruning, farmers can maintain an open structure that allows air to move freely, helping to keep the plant dry and healthy.
He advises removing any leaves that touch the ground or are heavily shaded. However, farmers should be careful not to over-prune, as the leaves are necessary for photosynthesis.
Watering wisely
Overwatering or watering at the wrong time can contribute to tomato rot. “Tomato plants need regular watering, but too much moisture around the roots or leaves can cause the fruits to rot,” Kirunda warns.
He recommends watering early in the morning to give the plants time to dry during the day, as watering late in the evening can leave the plants damp overnight, promoting disease.
“Always water at the base of the plants, not over the leaves and fruits,” adds Sekyewa.
Drip irrigation systems or soaker hoses can be particularly effective, as they deliver water directly to the soil without wetting the foliage, reducing the risk of fungal infections.
Choosing disease-resistant varieties
Sekyewa suggests that selecting disease-resistant tomato varieties can be a proactive way to prevent rot. Some varieties are bred to be more resistant to common fungal diseases, such as early blight and fusarium wilt.
“Farmers should consider these resistant varieties, especially in areas with high humidity or a history of plant diseases,” he advises.
Disease-resistant varieties can reduce the need for chemical treatments, making the crop healthier and more sustainable.
Timely harvesting
Timely harvesting can also prevent tomatoes from rotting in the garden. Overripe tomatoes are more likely to attract pests and are more susceptible to rot, especially in rainy seasons.
“Monitor your plants daily, and pick the fruits as soon as they’re ripe,” Kirunda recommends.
This not only keeps the tomatoes fresh but also reduces the weight and strain on the plant, which can lower the risk of branches breaking and fruits touching the soil.
