By Umar Nsubuga
Imelda Kasi from Kawumu village in Makulubita sub-county, Luwero district broods chicks and she says it a process which needs care.
Proper brooding is essential for raising healthy and productive chickens. Brooding refers to the process of providing warmth, care, and proper management for young chicks during their first few weeks of life.
This period is critical because chicks cannot regulate their body temperature and are highly vulnerable to diseases.
Kenneth Kabagambe, another chicken farmer from Kyenjojo district, says that ensuring chicks get the right start is crucial for long-term poultry success.
Preparing the brooder house
Before bringing in the chicks, the brooder house must be well-prepared to provide a clean, warm, and safe environment.
Kasi explains that she disinfects the brooder house a week before the chicks arrive.
“I clean the house thoroughly and apply disinfectants to kill any bacteria that could harm the chicks. I also ensure that the floor is covered with wood shavings to keep them warm and dry,” she says.
Kabagambe adds that proper ventilation is essential.
“The brooder should allow fresh air to circulate without creating cold drafts. I also make sure there are no cracks where predators like rats and snakes can enter,” he notes.
Providing heat
Since chicks cannot regulate their body temperature, providing an external heat source is necessary. Kasi uses infrared bulbs to maintain a stable temperature. “The recommended temperature for the first week is around 32–35°C. I gradually reduce it as the chicks grow,” she explains.
Kabagambe, on the other hand, prefers using charcoal stoves, especially in rural areas where electricity may not be reliable. “I place the stove in the middle of the brooder and monitor the heat using a thermometer. If the chicks crowd too close to the heat source, it means they are cold. If they move far away, the temperature is too high,” he says.
Feeding and watering
Proper nutrition is key to chick development. Kasi says farmers should provide chick starter mash, which is rich in proteins and essential nutrients. “I ensure that the feed is fresh and not contaminated. Chicks should have access to clean water at all times,” she says.
Kabagambe agrees and adds that he supplements the diet with glucose and multivitamins in the first few days. “Glucose helps the chicks regain energy after transportation, while vitamins boost their immunity,” he explains.
Disease prevention
Chicks are prone to diseases, so maintaining hygiene is essential. Kasi vaccinates her chicks against common diseases like Newcastle and Gumboro. “I follow the recommended vaccination schedule to keep my flock healthy,” she says.
Kabagambe stresses the importance of keeping the brooder dry. “Damp conditions encourage disease outbreaks. I change the bedding regularly and remove any wet feed to prevent contamination,” he advises.
Monitoring chick behaviour
Observing chick behaviour is the best way to determine if the brooding conditions are right. Kasi says that active, evenly distributed chicks indicate a comfortable environment. “If they huddle together, they are cold. If they spread out and pant, it’s too hot. She adjusts hers accordingly.
