By Umar Nsubuga
Ketty Okello, a sunflower farmer in Inomo village, Kwania district, manages four acres of sunflowers and achieves a harvest of 5,500 kilograms.
According to Okello, selecting the right variety is crucial for success.
She advises, “Choose high-yield and disease-resistant sunflower varieties suited to your local climate and soil conditions.”
Soil preparation
Gideon Zakke, an agronomist, emphasises the importance of soil quality.
“Sunflowers need well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. Test your soil before planting and apply necessary amendments,” he says.
Proper timing
“Plant sunflowers when the soil temperature reaches around 10°C (50°F) for optimal germination,” he explains adding that avoid planting too early or too late in the season, as extreme temperatures can stress the plants and reduce yields.
Spacing and planting depth
“Ensure proper plant spacing, typically 20-30 cm apart in rows, to prevent overcrowding, which can lead to competition for nutrients and water.
Plant seeds at a depth of 2.5-5 cm to ensure effective germination,” he explains.
Weed control
Zakke advises maintaining a weed-free field, especially during the first 4-6 weeks after planting, when sunflowers are most vulnerable to competition.
Pest and disease management
Monitor for pests such as cutworms and sunflower moths, and diseases like downy mildew and rust. Use appropriate pesticides or integrated pest management (IPM) practices to minimize losses, he says.
Irrigation
While sunflowers are drought-tolerant, Zakke says they require adequate moisture, particularly during flowering and seed formation. Use irrigation during dry periods but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
Nutrient management
“Apply fertilisers based on soil tests, ensuring a balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Excessive nitrogen can weaken stems, so it’s important to follow recommended guidelines,” he advises.
Harvest at the right time
“Harvest when the backs of sunflower heads turn brown and the seeds are hard. Delayed harvesting can result in seed loss from birds, shattering, or mold,” he says.
Post-Harvest handling
Store seeds in a cool, dry place to prevent mold and pests. Proper drying, to below 10% moisture, is crucial to avoid spoilage, he says.
