By Umar Nsubuga
Elephant grass, widely known for its rapid growth and resilience, has become a game-changer for livestock farmers seeking sustainable feed solutions.
With its ability to thrive in various climates, including drought-prone areas, this high-yielding grass provides not only a reliable source of nutritious fodder but also a lucrative opportunity for commercial farming.
Whether used to sustain cattle, goats, or sheep or sold as a valuable feed product, elephant grass is proving to be a profitable venture for farmers looking to maximise returns while improving livestock productivity.
Dr David Kamukama, a renowned cattle farmer from Wabigalo-Ssasira in Nakasongola district, says for farmers ready to explore the benefits of elephant grass, understanding the best practices for growing, harvesting, and marketing this versatile crop is key to unlocking its full potential.
Understanding elephant grass
Elephant grass, also known as Napier grass, is a fast-growing, high-yielding forage grass that is widely used for feeding livestock, particularly cattle. It is well known for its drought resistance, rapid growth, and ability to regenerate quickly after harvesting.
According to Dr Kamukama, elephant grass is ideal for farmers looking to sustain large herds of cattle, goats, or sheep, especially in areas like Nakasongola, where the dry climate can challenge other forms of fodder.
Benefits of growing elephant grass
Dr Kamukama explains that the cultivation of elephant grass offers several advantages to farmers.
With a consistent feed supply, elephant grass provides a reliable source of fodder for livestock throughout the year. Its high protein content and digestibility make it an excellent feed option, ensuring that cattle maintain good health and productivity.
Cost-effective livestock management, by growing elephant grass on their farms, farmers can significantly reduce the cost of purchasing commercial feeds. This saves money and ensures that animals are fed with organic, high-quality fodder, leading to better milk and meat production.
Drought tolerance, in regions like Nakasongola, where prolonged dry seasons can affect pasture availability, elephant grass serves as a dependable solution. Its ability to thrive in dry conditions ensures that farmers can maintain fodder reserves even during harsh weather conditions.
Soil conservation, elephant grass also helps with soil conservation. Its dense root system prevents soil erosion, particularly in areas prone to heavy rains or poor soil structure. Farmers can thus benefit from both increased forage and improved soil quality.
Commercial opportunities, beyond personal use, Dr Kamukama emphasises that farmers can make money by selling elephant grass to other livestock farmers who may not have enough land or resources to grow their own fodder. With growing demand for quality livestock feed, this can become a profitable business.
Land preparation and planting.
Elephant grass thrives in well-prepared soil. Farmers should start by clearing the land and plowing it thoroughly. The grass can be planted using cuttings or root splits, which are readily available from agricultural centers.
Planting should be done at the beginning of the rainy season to allow the grass to establish well.
Dr Kamukama advises spacing the plants about one meter apart to allow for proper growth and ease of harvesting.
Water management.
Although elephant grass is drought-resistant, it still requires adequate water during the early stages of growth. Farmers should ensure the grass is watered regularly or plant it in areas with sufficient rainfall.
Dr Kamukama also recommends using irrigation systems, especially in dry regions like Nakasongola, to boost grass yields during the dry season.
Fertiliser application
For optimum growth, Dr Kamukama encourages farmers to apply organic manure or fertilisers. This will not only enhance the growth rate but also improve the nutrient quality of the grass. Regular application of compost or animal manure works well to replenish soil nutrients.
Proper harvesting techniques
Harvesting should be done when the grass reaches about 1 to 1.5 metres in height.
Dr Kamukama advises cutting the grass down to about 10 centimetres from the ground. This ensures that the grass can regrow quickly, providing multiple harvests throughout the year.
Farmers should store harvested grass properly, either by drying it for hay or silage-making, to ensure they have enough feed during the dry season.
Value addition
Beyond feeding cattle, Dr Kamukama urges farmers to explore value addition by processing the grass into silage. This preserved feed can be sold to other farmers or used during periods of fodder shortage. Silage production adds value to the elephant grass and opens up more commercial opportunities.
Market opportunities
Elephant grass has become a high-demand commodity among livestock farmers, making it a viable cash crop. Farmers can sell fresh or dried grass to neighboring farms or commercial livestock enterprises.
Dr Kamukama advises farmers to build relationships with local buyers and even form cooperatives to market their fodder at competitive prices.
